Evaluation of morpho-phenological characteristics and breeding value of wheat accessions developed in Central Asia

Abstract

The article evaluates the phenological development of winter wheat accessions sown in autumn during the 2025-2026 growing season, with particular emphasis on the period from sowing to technical maturity. Primary field records included two replications of 107 accessions and an additional nursery of 33 accessions. Accessions C-158, C-26 and C-24 were recorded as developing 2-3 days earlier than most other variants. In the additional nursery, 31 of 33 accessions reached technical maturity on 27 May 2026, while C-168 and C-169 matured on 28 May. Thus, the sowing-to-technical-maturity period was 230-231 days, averaging 230.1 days. Plant height ranged from 75 to 91 cm, averaging 84.4 cm, and lodging resistance was scored from 6 to 9 points. The findings provide a basis for selecting phenologically early and morphologically stable accessions as initial breeding material.