Development of economic cooperation among regional innovation infrastructure entities: a comparative analysis

Abstract

This article analyzes regional innovation infrastructure and economic cooperation among its entities using a three-dimensional comparative approach. The study covers cross-country, cross-regional, and 2020-2025 temporal dimensions. Based on GII-2025 data, a "transmission gap" between innovation inputs and outputs is calculated. The results show that Uzbekistan has a 23-position gap, indicating insufficient cooperation among innovation infrastructure entities and limited efficiency in converting innovation resources into outcomes.