Species and bioecology of aphids in pistachio orchards

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the species composition, distribution, developmental characteristics, and harmfulness of aphids (family Aphididae) occurring in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards in the Samarkand and Jizzakh regions during 2023–2025. Four aphid species were identified in pistachio agrocenoses, among which the pistachio green aphid (A. pistaciae) and the pistachio leaf-margin gall-forming aphid (F. hirsuta) were recorded as dominant and economically important species. The developmental phenology of F. hirsuta was studied under the conditions of the Jizzakh region, where three complete generations and partial development of the fourth generation were observed during the growing season. Aphid development began at a temperature of 10°C, while the temperature range of 20–30°C was considered relatively favorable for development. The highest level of damage was observed in June–July. It was established that leaf damage of 10–15% in young trees and 15–20% in fruit-bearing trees can be used as a practical criterion for initiating protective measures. The results provide a scientific and practical basis for monitoring aphid populations in pistachio orchards and timely implementation of integrated pest management measures.