Human resource potential in the system of state scientific and innovation policy: a comparative analysis of foreign countries' experience

Abstract

The article examines the role of human capital in the formation and implementation of science and innovation policy in Central Asia and Russia. The findings show that qualified personnel alone do not ensure high innovation performance. Institutional quality, research infrastructure, university-industry cooperation, entrepreneurial skills and international mobility are critical for transforming human capital into innovation outcomes. The study proposes a five-dimensional framework covering education, research, university-industry cooperation, human-capital mobility and institutional conditions. It also argues for a shift from a predominantly defensive approach to brain drain towards policies supporting knowledge circulation, international research networks, return mobility and transnational scientific cooperation.