Economic analysis of electronic invoicing and real-time control mechanisms

Abstract

This article empirically analyses the fiscal outcomes of digitalizing value added tax (VAT) administration in Uzbekistan. The impact of the electronic invoice (EHF) system, electronic waybills (ETTN), cross-matching mechanism, and AI-based risk assessment system on collection efficiency is studied. Based on 2019–2025 data, the effect of e-invoice coverage on VAT revenues is analysed, and it is substantiated that digitalization can provide additional fiscal gains of more than 100–600 billion soums annually. The research concludes with practical recommendations for further improvement of VAT administration in the Republic of Uzbekistan.