Prospects of crop propagation by the in vitro method and launching a gene bank

Abstract

This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of plant micropropagation using in vitro technology. The main stages of plant tissue culture under sterile conditions, methods of explant sterilization, and the processes of callus formation, organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the role of in vitro technology in the conservation of rare and endemic plant species, preservation of genetic resources, and establishment of gene banks. The results indicate that this technology is a promising approach for ensuring agroecological security, conserving biodiversity, and improving the efficient propagation of agricultural crops in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.