Labor market under the influence of artificial intelligence: technological unemployment, occupational redistribution and new demands on human capital

Abstract

This article examines the macroeconomic impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the transformation of global and national labor markets. Based on a task-oriented theoretical approach to automation, the study explores the displacement of certain types of human labor and the emergence of new employment opportunities associated with artificial intelligence. Using recent statistical data from the World Economic Forum, the International Monetary Fund, and the International Labour Organization, the research evaluates changes in employment structures, including job displacement and creation, occupational transformation, and evolving requirements for human capital. Practical recommendations for developing economies are developed based on the case of Uzbekistan. The findings indicate that the impact of artificial intelligence on labor markets differs across countries, economic sectors, and social groups. Therefore, the development of education systems, improvement of human capital, and effective public policies are essential for managing technological transformation.